90s Hip Hop Fashion Aaliyah Pink Bucket Hat

Hip hop fashion (as well known as rap fashion) is a distinctive style of dress originating from Urban Black America and from inner metropolis youth located in New York Urban center, followed past Los Angeles, then other U.s. cities.^[ane] All have contributed various elements to the overall way seen worldwide today. Hip hop mode complements the expressions and attitudes of hip hop civilization and has changed significantly during its history. Today, it is a prominent fashion worn across the whole earth and popular with all ethnicities.

Belatedly 1970s to mid-1980s [edit]

In the belatedly 1970 sportswear and fashion brands such as Le Coq Sportif, Kangol, Adidas and Pro-Keds were established, attaching themselves to the emerging hip hop scene.

During the 1980s, hip hop icons wore brightly colored proper name-brand tracksuits, sheepskin and leather bomber jackets,^[2] backpiece jackets,^[3] Clarks shoes,^[2] Britishers (as well known equally British walkers) and sneakers. The make of sneaker that hip hop icons would use included Pro-Keds, Puma, Converse Chuck Taylor All-Stars and Adidas Superstars often with oversized or "phat" shoelaces. Pop haircuts ranged from the early-1980s Jheri curl to the early-1990s hi-top fade, popularized by Will Smith (The Fresh Prince) and Christopher "Kid" Reid of Kid 'northward Play, among others. Another trend in hip hop clothing, pioneered past Dapper Dan in the early 1980s, was the accommodation and brandishing of loftier-net-worth way house brands such as Louis Vuitton, Fendi, Gucci and logos in custom-designed tracksuits, jackets and mink coats.

Trending accessories included large eyeglasses (Cazals^[iv]),^[two] Kangol bucket hats,^[2] nameplates,^[2] name belts,^[2] multiple rings and heavy aureate jewelry.^[5] In general, men's jewelry focused on heavy gold chains and women'southward jewelry on large gold earrings.^[five] Performers such as Kurtis Blow and Big Daddy Kane helped popularize gilded necklaces and other such jewelry, and female rappers such equally Roxanne Shanté and the group Salt-N-Pepa helped popularize oversized gold door-knocker earrings. The heavy jewelry was suggestive of prestige and wealth, and some have connected the style to Africanism. MC Schoolly D, for instance, claimed that wearing gold "is not something that was born and raised in America. This goes back to Africa... the artists in the rap field are battling. We're the head warriors. We got to stand up and say we're winning battles, and this is how nosotros're doing it."^[six]

1980s hip hop way is remembered as one of the most important elements of one-time schoolhouse hip hop, and is often celebrated in nostalgic hip hop songs such as Ahmad's 1994 single "Back in the Day", and Missy Elliott's 2002 unmarried of the same proper name.

According to Gwendolyn O'Neal, the writer of African American Aesthetics of Dress (1997), "While an African-American aesthetic of dress is neither African nor American, it is shaped by unique 'cultural' experiences resulting from being of African descent and living in America."^[7] The rapper Jay-Z echoed this in a Black Book Magazine interview; he defended the upper-course tastes of mode in the hip hop culture as "living it on our terms, instead of trying to emulate an aristocracy lifestyle" with the wearing of loftier-net-worth fashion firm brands. It is non necessarily because of conspicuous consumption that the hip hop lifestyle brought in these high end fashion products.^[7]

Preppy [edit]

Preppy looks also caught on with 80s youth in the first wave of hip hop influence. "This grouping of blackness yuppy wannabes or 'buppies' rocked to 80s hip hop music and wore styles from Polo, The Timberland and Tommy Hilfiger ... [and] were drawn to Hilfiger because of its all-American, WASP-y, land club feeling—it was exclusive and aspirational".^[8] The immense popularity of the brand Tommy Hilfiger amidst the hip hop subculture customs then led to the brand'southward global expansion.^[7]

Celebrity influence [edit]

Equally music played a significant function in the way people dressed during the 1990s, many celebrities were known as mode icons, especially rappers. Legendary rapper, Tupac, was not only known for his resonating lyrics, merely as well his timeless mode. He was seen as a trend setter during that catamenia. His signature, classic fashion were bandanas paired with baggy overalls or Crimson Wings jersey. In return, he made bandanas into an iconic headwear accessory.^[9] Today, his fashion influences has taught lodge to be more acceptable towards different styles likewise every bit inspired fashion designers from all over the world to exist innovative towards their designs. Furthermore, Snoop Dogg's strong charisma and his laid-back approach to his rhymes complemented his flannel and sweatshirts with Chucks. When he revamped his style to a cleaner cut of suited and booted look, his Doberman-like facial features and slender frame were masked by his charisma and chic vibe. He has since influenced people that with pride comes with confidence, which is the key of feeling comfy and looking good in your individual fashion fashion.^[x]

Moreover, hip hop has also adopted and so transformed traditional or "old earth" luxury symbols and fabricated them modernistic-day, "cool" commodities. Rapper LL Cool J wore a Kangol hat back in the 1980s, when few Americans knew anything about the European hat maker, just its association with hip hop would invigorate the make. In 2003, London-based Kangol best-selling the popularity given its sixty-twelvemonth-old brand past a immature LL Cool J in 1983.^[7]

Belatedly 1980s to early on 1990s [edit]

Black nationalism was increasingly influential in rap during the belatedly 1980s, and fashions and hairstyles reflected traditional African influences.^[5] Blousy pants were popular among dance-oriented rappers like Chiliad.C. Hammer.^[5] Fezzes,^[5] kufis decorated with the Kemetic ankh,^[5] Kente cloth hats,^[5] Africa chains, dreadlocks, and Black Nationalist colors of red, black, and green became popular besides, promoted by artists such as Queen Latifah, KRS-One, Public Enemy, Native Tongues and X-Clan.

Hip-hop fashion in the 1990s slowly evolved from the 1980s as the hip-hop community started getting influenced by traditional African-American dressing. Bright colors, large pants and headwear were the elements, which inspired the style of dressing in the early 1990s.^[11] Will Smith'southward character from The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air is a distinctive instance of the classic fashion and fashion trends of the 1990s. His character is always seen dressed in bright colorful garments, throwback jerseys and a baseball cap. In add-on, rappers similar Kid 'due north Play, Left Center of TLC also popularized the bright colored wear and baseball game caps. TLC and late R&B vocalist Aaliyah too created a fashion trend amidst women. Amorphous pants paired with a ingather tiptop or a sports bra and occasionally a big flannel was one of their many iconic looks. This was to show their own version of femininity, and to express that everything does not have to be form-fitting and tight in order to be sexy.

Kris Kross established the fad of wearing wearing apparel backwards.^[5]

Kwamé sparked a brief trend of polka-dot wear.^{[ commendation needed ]}

In 1984, Nike collaborated with Michael Jordan to create the well-known basketball shoes, the Air Jordans. Even though the price point ranged from U.s.$100 (which was considered a high price point then), it did not stop people from lining up hours just to become their hands on a pair of these shoes. To date, Air Jordans are still widely worn by basketball game players, and with Nike releasing retro versions from time to fourth dimension, which sell out globally within minutes of the release date.^[12] Other wearable brands such as Reebok, Kangol, Fila, Champion, Carhartt, and Timberland were closely associated with the hip hop scene,^{[ commendation needed ]} particularly on the East coast with hip hop acts such as Wu-Tang Clan and Gangstarr sporting the wait. Adidas also had big touch in streets with RUN-D.M.C when the ring's now iconic hit song "My Adidas" drop in 1986.^[xiii]

Gangsta rap pioneers Northward.Westward.A popularized an early on course of street style in the belatedly 1980s from the African American gangs and hustler cliques who were there mimicking cholo fashion. This included Dickies pants, white T-shirts, Locs sunglasses, Air Jordan sneakers, with black Raiders snapback hats and Raiders Starter jackets. These jackets were also a popular trend in their own correct in the late 1980s and early on 1990s. They became something of a status symbol, with incidents of robberies of the jackets reported in the media.^[fourteen]

Hip hop style in this menstruum also influenced high way designs. In the late 1980s, Isaac Mizrahi, inspired past his elevator operator who wore a heavy gold chain, showed a drove securely influenced by hip hop fashion.^[15] Models wore black catsuits, "gold chains, big gilt nameplate-inspired belts, and black bomber jackets with fur-trimmed hoods."^[15] Womenswear Daily called the look "homeboy chic."^[15] In the early 1990s, Chanel showed hip hop-inspired fashion in several shows. In ane, models wore blackness leather jackets and piles of gold chains.^[xv] In another, they wore long black dresses accessorized with heavy, padlocked silvery chains.^[15] (These silver chains were remarkably similar to the metal concatenation-link and padlock worn past Treach of Naughty by Nature, who said he did so in solidarity with "all the brothers who are locked down.^[xv]) The hip hop trend in high fashion, however, did non last.^[16]

The eight-brawl jacket, created by designer Michael Hoban in 1990, was trendy during the 1990s, especially in the East Coast hip hop scene of New York City. The manner is characterized by vivid colour-blocking and large black and white decals on the back and sleeves, made to look like the eight ball used in some cue sports.^[17]

Mid- to late 1990s [edit]

Fashion among "hip hop" elites [edit]

On the Eastward Declension, members of the hip hop community looked back to the gangsters of the 1930s and 1940s for inspiration.^[eighteen] Mafioso influences, especially and primarily inspired by the 1983 remake version of Scarface, became popular in hip hop. Many rappers set aside gang-inspired clothing in favor of classic gangster fashions such as bowler hats,^[18] double-breasted suits,^[xviii] silk shirts,^[18] and alligator-skin shoes ("gators").

This await transcended into the R&B world in the mid-1990s when Jodeci came onto the scene, who were crooners simply with a more edgy and sexual look. By wearing gangster-mode clothes along with the bad-boy attitude and being a R&B group, they appealed to both men and women. They were especially known for their amorphous wearable, symbolising a mitt-me-down from an older relative with a bigger build, as a sign of toughness.

On the East Coast, "ghetto fabulous" fashion (a term coined by Sean Combs) was on the rise.^[18]

Urban streetwear [edit]

Tommy Hilfiger was 1 of the almost prominent brands in 1990s sportswear, though Polo Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein, Nautica, and DKNY were also popular.^[19] Snoop Dogg wore a striped Hilfiger rugby shirt during an advent on Saturday Nighttime Alive, and it sold out of New York City stores the next day.^[20] Furthermore, Tommy Hilfiger tube tops were too a big hit inside the hip-hop community. It was considered a "must-have" piece for every daughter influenced by this music genre. Artists like TLC, the belatedly Aaliyah and so on were commonly seen in events dressed in it.^[21] Hilfiger'south popularity was due to its perceived waspiness, which made it seem exclusive and aspirational.^[xix] Hilfiger courted the new hip hop market: black models featured prominently in the company's advertisement campaigns, and rappers like Puffy and Coolio walked during its runways shows.^[nineteen]

Karl Kani was another influential designer who merged hip hop with way.^[22]

Other brands, such every bit Nike, Hashemite kingdom of jordan, FUBU, Southpole, Reebok Pro-Keds, Adidas, Eckō Unltd., Mecca USA, Lugz, Rocawear, Boss Jeans past IG Design, and Enyce, arose to capitalize on the market for urban streetwear.^{[ citation needed ]}

Throwback clothing [edit]

1 sportswear trend that emerged was the rise in popularity of throwback jerseys, such as those produced by Mitchell & Ness. Sports jerseys have always been pop in hip hop fashion, as evidenced past Volition Smith's early 1990s video "Summer", and Spike Lee wearing a throwback Brooklyn Dodgers jersey in the flick Do the Correct Matter. The late 1990s saw the rising in popularity of very expensive throwbacks, often costing hundreds of dollars. Hip hop artists donning the pricey jerseys in music videos led to increased demand, and led to the ascent of counterfeiters flooding the market place with faux jerseys to capitalize on the craze. The mid-to-tardily 2000s saw a decrease in popularity of throwbacks, with some hip hop artists even shunning them.^{[ citation needed ]}

The "hip-pop" era likewise saw the split between male and female person hip hop fashion, which had previously been more or less similar. Women in hip hop had emulated the male tough-guy fashions such as amorphous pants, "Loc" sunglasses, tough looks and heavy workboots; many, such equally Da Deviling, accomplished this with little more than some lip gloss and a bit of make-up to make the industrial piece of work pants and work boots feminine. The female person performers who completely turned the tide, such equally Lil' Kim and Foxy Brown, popularized glamorous, high-manner feminine hip hop styles, such every bit Kimora Lee Simmons' fashion line of Baby Phat. Lauryn Loma and Eve popularized more than conservative styles that however maintained both a distinctly feminine and distinctly hip hop feel.^{[ citation needed ]}

Bling [edit]

In the mid- to belatedly 1990s, platinum replaced golden as the metallic of choice in hip hop fashion.^[5] Artists and fans alike wore platinum (or argent-colored) jewelry, ofttimes embedded with diamonds. Juvenile and The Hot Boys were largely responsible for this tendency.^[5] Platinum fronts also became popular; Cash Money Records executive/rapper Brian "Baby" Williams has an entire mouthful of permanent platinum teeth. Others have fashioned grills, removable metal jewelled teeth coverings.

With the advent of the jewellery culture, the turn-of-the-century-established luxury brands made inroads into the hip hop marketplace, with brands like Gucci, Louis Vuitton and 212 Diamond City making appearances in hip hop videos and films.

Modern (2000s–2010s) [edit]

In the 1990s and beyond, many hip hop artists and executives started their own fashion labels and clothing lines.^[23] Notable examples include Wu-Tang Association (Wu-Article of clothing), Pharrell (Billionaire Boys Club/Ice Cream), Nelly (Vokal and Apple Lesser Jeans), Russell Simmons (Phat Subcontract), Kimora Lee Simmons (Baby Phat), Diddy (Sean John and Enyce), T.I. (AKOO), Damon Dash and Jay-Z (Rocawear), 50 Cent (Thousand-Unit Article of clothing), Eminem (Shady Express), 2Pac (Makaveli Branded), OutKast (OutKast Vesture), Lil Wayne (Trukfit), and Kanye West (Yeezy).

Up-and-coming urban habiliment lines have dominated the style in the hip hop genre. Skinny jeans also came into manner in part due to New Boyz' jerk dance from the song "You're a Jerk".^{[ citation needed ]}

The hip hop style trends of the 2000s were all over the place and changed constantly, starting with the baller-type image. Michael Jordan's encompass on Sports Illustrated was an iconic moment in hip-hop fashion because he was able to influence millions of people into the direction of baggy shorts, amorphous tops, and gold chains. There have been other celebrity influences among style trends, with most of these influences coming from hip hop artists. Gucci and Louis Vuitton became extremely popular amidst the hip hop/urban community from the use of the words, "Gucci" and "Louis" in lyrics and music videos.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Throughout these years many fashion trends from the 1980s and early 1990s were made pop again, such as door knocker earrings and course plumbing fixtures jeans for men. Bright colors and cartoon graphic print hoodies by Bathing Ape made popular past artist and producer Pharrell also gained popularity. Women wore high heels in all dissimilar forms, and many new ideas for shoes emerged, like the open toed kicking.^[24]

In contempo years the hip hop earth has seen a resurgence of old fads as well every bit the emergence of new ones. The last few years of the offset decade of the new millennia gave rise to the popularity of tattoos covering artists from head to toe. Soulja Boy, Wiz Khalifa, Lil Wayne and Tyga have fix the trend of beingness completely "tatted up."^[25] Although having tattoos is nothing new to the music industry, never have tattoos been and then pervasive in hip hop. Tattoos covering the face and the caput have likewise become increasingly popular. Birdman now sports a star tattoo on the crown of his head, Gucci Mane has an ice cream tattoo on his correct cheek, and Lil Wayne has tattoos on his eyelids and forehead.^[26]

One cannot speak of fashion trends without mentioning the importance of hairstyles, particularly for women. In the past few years there has been a resurgence of the asymmetrical hair cut with a gimmicky spin. Stars such as Rihanna, Cassie and Kelis have all prepare the new trend of the half-shaven head.^[27]

The reemergence of Adidas track jackets and the utilise of fashion scarves have been some of the latest trends to hit the hip hop fashion scene. Adidas tracksuits are certainly not new to hip hop culture, as they take been effectually essentially since commercialized hip hop was created, merely they have recently once once more become popular.^{[ citation needed ]}

Fashion scarves have besides become popularized in recent years. Kanye Due west is the most contempo creative person to launch his own line of products past selling decorative scarves with provocative depictions, named Risque Scarves.^[28]

Skateboarding mode has been used in the hip hop scene since the early 2010s, including knit caps, bonnets, fitted pants or shorts, Vans, Nike SB (skateboarding), shirts with sleeves and trinted Tees (brands like OBEY, Supreme, Stussy, Adidas, Supra, Circa, DC, RDS and Emericas). Chris Brownish, Tyler The Creator and Lil Wayne clothing these in their music videos and concerts.^{[ citation needed ]}

The rebirth of the 1990s snapback caps is the nigh notable sign of the new school throwback image. The "new" snapback hype started around mid-2010. Around late 2010 and early 2011, the "new" snapback movement exploded. Starter Vesture Line manufactured the nigh sought-after snapbacks in the 1990s, and fabricated its return as the hype for the hats grew. Many other well-known hat companies started to sell snapbacks, such as New Era, Mitchell & Ness, Reebok, and Adidas. Many notable artists are credited with the improvement of snapbacks by sporting gear from a company named Ti$A VI$ION. Chris Brown, Tyga, and Large Sean were amidst the early supporters of this company since 2010. Many urban fashionistas credit Mac Miller, a well-known YouTube MC, with starting the hype with the release of his song entitled "Snap Dorsum", from the mixtape The Jukebox: Prelude to Class Clown, released in June 2009. At that place is controversy equally to who started the "new" snapback tendency.^{[ citation needed ]}

Hip hop manner through 2011 included snapbacks, sports wear, basketball and skateboarding shoes, hoodies, piercings in one ear or both, leather jackets, sleeveless shirts, polo shirts, saggy pants, bikini tops, crop tops, tube tops, tank tops, factory trackies and cropped T-shirts.^{[ citation needed ]}

Around 2012, fashion in hip hop saw a shift towards modernistic "high" streetwear and haute couture brands popularized by online fashion forums such as Superfuture and Styleforum. Brands such as Rick Owens, Raf Simons, and Saint Laurent Paris are at present featured prominently in the lyrics and wardrobes of rappers such as A$AP Rocky, Travis Scott, and Kanye Due west.^[29]

Skater civilization is too prominent in the Hip-Hop scene. The heave in its popularity is largely attributed to culling rapper and leader of the musical group Odd Futurity, Tyler, The Creator. Brands like Obey, Supreme, Thrasher, and Tyler, The Creator's merchandise line, Golf Wang accept too boosted the significance of skater fashion in Hip-Hop.^{[ citation needed ]}

Criticism [edit]

A DJ wearing a goose egg-up hoodie and checkerboard frame sunglasses

Commentators from both inside and outside the hip hop community have criticized the cost of many of the accoutrements of hip hop fashion. Chuck D of Public Enemy summarized the mentality of hip hop mode and some low-income youths as "Human, I work at McDonald's, simply in gild for me to feel skillful most myself I got to get a golden chain or I got to get a fly automobile in guild to impress a sister or whatever."^[xxx] In his 1992 song "Us", Ice Cube rapped that "United states of america niggaz will ever sing the dejection / 'crusade all we care about is hairstyles and tennis shoes".^{[31] [32] [33] [34]} Some fans have expressed disappointment with the increased amount of advertizing for expensive hip hop brands in hip hop magazines.^[35] In i letter to the editor in Source magazine, a reader wrote that the magazine should "try showing some less expensive brands so heads will know they don't have to hustle, steal, or rob and smash shots for flyness."^[36] In fact, at that place were many highly publicized robberies of hip hop artists by the late 1990s.^[35] Guru of Gang Starr was robbed of his Rolex scout at gunpoint, Queen Latifah'south machine was machine-jacked, and Prodigy was robbed at gunpoint of $300,000 in jewelry.^[35]

Hip hop has sometimes come up under fire for glorifying brands that close it out and for embracing a fashion culture which does not embrace hip hop or black culture.^[37] A dichotomy exists in the "collaboration" betwixt influential hip hop artists who embrace designer brands and fashions, and these same brands that profit from hip hop's influencers. Designer brands such as Louis Vuitton or Versace align themselves with influential musicians because of the potential gains, but simultaneously maintain distance from these allies exterior of advertising, "nearly every bit with a keen desire to agree the controlling hand in these relationships" and control their public image.^[38] In these partnerships/collaborations betwixt designers and artists there is sometimes a pattern of exploitation in which the designers do good unduly more hip hop artists.

A few hip hop insiders, such equally the members of Public Enemy, Immortal Technique, Paris and Common, have made the deliberate choice not to don expensive jewelry as a statement confronting materialism.^[35]

Gender roles and dress [edit]

Women [edit]

Along with the turning of the tide by select female hip hop artists came the emergence of promoting sex activity entreatment through way. Female artists have faced a number of pressures ranging from gaining exposure to farther their careers as well every bit befitting with sure images to remain in need and relevant. Female rappers in today's fourth dimension like Cardi B and Nicki Minaj are 2 of the most pop female rappers and yet conform to this standard. The alignment of R&B music with hip hop music (with collaborations being more than and more prevalent) placed a whole new category of women within the categorization of what constituted a hip hop artist.

Every bit referenced above, the nineties centered around women'due south senses of style revolving around that of men, in that they adopted the utilise of oversized T-shirts and baggy pants. Also listed above are Aaliyah, TLC, and Da' Deviling as conformists to that tendency. Female rap grouping Salt-N-Pepa are considered among the frontrunners in leading the transition of moving away from the male alignment and asserting feminism in creating a new sense of dress. They are said to accept "wowed fans while wearing hot pants, cut-off denim shorts and Lycra trunk suits".^[39]

"Blackness women'due south relationships to their bodies occur inside overlapping cultural contexts that offering contradictory messages nearly their value and function".^[xl] In a male dominated society, it is no wonder that women used to work difficult to align themselves with male images including how they'd dressed. Every bit women generally gained access to and exposure inside the offerings of several sectors of society, for example music, movies and television, we saw more than images of what constituted attractiveness sally. Following this came the perception of liberty to express oneself through several avenues including apparel. Rappers Lil' Kim and Eve are known for resorting to trends surrounding being scantily clad with provocative tattoos and being perceived equally attractive in the process. Not all female rappers, or female artists in general have resorted to these methods within their careers. "...the contempo appearance of Black women performers, songwriters, and producers in Blackness popular culture has called attention to the ways in which young Black women use pop culture to negotiate social existence and attempt to express independence, self-reliance, and bureau".^[41]

LGBT community and gender variance [edit]

Hip hop has had a history of homophobia, merely recently condign more accepting of the LGBT community. Lyrics that openly use derogatory words such as "fag" or "dyke" accept saturated the market, even beingness plant in conscious rap, considered the most progressive section of hip hop. Marc Lamont Hill argues, "the progressive agendas of political rap artists such equally Public Enemy, X-Clan, Paris, and Sista Souljah were strongly informed by radical Afrocentric, Black Islamic, and crude Black Nationalist ideologies that were openly hostile to queer identities".^[42]

The genre has been considered a predominantly hyper-masculine customs, with female artists taking on these traits. Female groups and individual artists such every bit Immature M.A. Conscious Daughters or Aaliyah have dressed in clothing considered male. Wearing baggy dress was an attempt to shift focus away from the torso and movement information technology towards the music.

Men have too engaged in reversing gender roles through the use of fashion. Artists such as Lil Wayne, A$AP Rocky, Kanye West, Immature Thug, and other cocky-identified straight men have made headlines by their choices of dress. This type of androgynous dress is not exclusive to contempo times though, as the years of hip hop's creation saw legends dressed in the disco styles of that era.^[43]

Notes [edit]

1. ^ "The Complete Story Of How Hip-Hop Inverse The Way We Dress". FashionBeans . Retrieved 2019-08-01 .
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Kitwana, Bakari (2005). The Hip-Hop Generation: Young Blacks and the Crisis in African-American Culture. New York: Basic Civitas Books. p. 198. ISBN978-0-465-02979-ii.
3. ^ https://issuu.com/niklasworisch/docs/backpiece_jackets_web_final
4. ^ Cochrane, Lauren (2005-09-02). "Specs entreatment". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2010-05-04 .
5. ^ ^{a b c d eastward f k h i j} Keyes, p. 152.
6. ^ Quoted in Keyes, p. 152 (quoting Schoolly D. "The Meaning of Gold." Spin (October 1988), p. 52).
7. ^ ^{a b c d} Lewis/Grey, Tasha/Natalie (2013). "The Maturation of hip hop's Menswear Brands: Outfitting the Urban Consumer". Manner Practice. 5 (2): 229–243. doi:x.2752/175693813X13705243201531. S2CID 111293111.
8. ^ Kitwana, Bakari. hip hop & High Society. Black Volume Leap. pp. 112–17.
9. ^ "The baseball jersey". Upper-case letter XTRA . Retrieved 2018-04-21 .
10. ^ "The Most Stylish Rappers of the '90sMike D". Complex . Retrieved 2018-04-21 .
11. ^ "Hip Hop Manner in the 90s". filthydripped.com . Retrieved 2018-04-21 .
12. ^ "How Has Hip Hop Influenced Mode? | LEAFtv". LEAFtv . Retrieved 2018-04-21 .
13. ^ "Run-D.Thousand.C.'s 'My Adidas' and the Birth of Hip Hop Sneaker Culture". The Concern of Manner. 2014-07-18. Retrieved 2017-12-06 .
14. ^ "Hello-Tiptop Top five – Greatest Starter Jackets of 80s/90s – Hello-Top Table Athletics". 2018-12-07.
15. ^ ^{a b c d east f} Wilbekin, p. 280.
16. ^ Urbanworld (December 2017). "High Fashion without Hip Hop Collections". Retrieved 2020-01-05 .
17. ^ Detrick, Ben (2014-12-24). "A '90s Jacket Comes Dorsum Into Mode". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-13 .
18. ^ ^{a b c d due east} Wilbekin, p. 281.
19. ^ ^{a b c} Wilbekin, p. 282.
20. ^ "Call back When Snoop Dogg Did 'SNL' Doggy Manner?". Mass Appeal. 2017-05-08. Retrieved 2018-04-21 .
21. ^ "fifteen Important '90s Hip-Hop Style Trends You Might Have Forgotten". BuzzFeed . Retrieved 2018-04-21 .
22. ^ Karl Kani
23. ^ Wilbekin, p. 283.
24. ^ Claire (2009-12-30). "Take it or Exit It? Elevation Fashion Trends of 2009". Style Bomb Daily Style Mag . Retrieved 2017-08-11 .
25. ^ hop%E2%80%99s-most-off-the-dome-tattoo-addicts/ "Ink Heads, Hip-Hop's Most Off the Dome Tattoo Addicts" xxlmag.com, December i, 2009. Date accessed: May nine, 2011
26. ^ "Lil Wayne, Gucci Mane And Game: A Journeying Into Face Tattoos" rapflix.mtv.com, February 23, 2011. Date Accessed: May 9, 2011
27. ^ "Rihanna's shaved head for 'Italian Vogue'". s2smagazine.com, July 7, 2009. Date Accessed: May x, 2011.
28. ^ "Kanye West's Risque Scarf Line Coming Up". sojones.com, May ix, 2011. Appointment Accessed: May x, 2011
29. ^ Babcock, Gregory (2015-09-28). "Fitted Is Improve than Baggy - '90s Hip-Hop Fashion Trends vs. Today's Trends". Complex. Retrieved 2017-08-11 .
30. ^ Keyes, p. 172 (quoting Eure and Spady, 1991).
31. ^ Quoted in Keyes, p. 173.
32. ^ "The states Video". YouTube . Retrieved two December 2011.
33. ^ "Usa lyrics". Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved two December 2011.
34. ^ "Usa lyrics". Retrieved 2 December 2011.
35. ^ ^{a b c d} Keyes, p. 172.
36. ^ Quoted in Keyes, p. 172.
37. ^ hop-kanye-kimmel-classism-model-casting/525840f978c90a26c40004a5/ "Is Fashion Racist?" Hufftington Post Alive, Oct 16, 2013. Date accessed: Dec 8, 2013
38. ^ Miller, Janice. Fashion and Music. Oxford: Berg, 2011. Impress. p. 17
39. ^ Hook, Sue Vander (2010). Hip-Hop Mode. Mankato, Minn.: Capstone Printing. ISBN978-one-4296-4017-half-dozen.
40. ^ Lovejoy, One thousand thousand (April 2001). "Disturbances in the Social Body: Differences in Body Image and Eating Problems among African American and White Women". Gender and Order. 15 (2): 239–261. doi:10.1177/089124301015002005. JSTOR 3081846. S2CID 145254943.
41. ^ Emerson, Rana (February 2002). ""Where My Girls At?": Negotiating Black Womanhood in Music Videos" (PDF). Gender and Lodge. 16 (1): 115–135. doi:10.1177/0891243202016001007. JSTOR 3081879. S2CID 35432829.
42. ^ Colina, Marc Lamont (2009-01-thirty). "Scared Straight: Hip-Hop, Outing, and the Teaching of Queerness". Review of Education, Educational activity, and Cultural Studies. 31 (i): 29–54. doi:x.1080/10714410802629235. ISSN 1071-4413. S2CID 145555758.
43. ^ "Dressing The Part: hip hop, High Way & Gender Roles". HipHopDX . Retrieved 2020-05-02 .

See also [edit]

• Heavy metal fashion

References [edit]

• Keyes, Cheryl L. (2004). Rap Music and Street Consciousness (1st ed.). Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN978-0-252-07201-7.
• Wilbekin, Emil (1999). "Dandy Aspirations: hip hop and Fashion Dress for Excess and Success". The Vibe History of hip hop (1st ed.). New York: Three Rivers Printing. ISBN978-0-609-80503-9.

Share this post